Swedish partnership creates potential breakthrough for clean steel

[Resurgence]

In Sweden on Monday, the partnership of a steel company, a mining company and an electricity producer announced that it had succeeded in producing a form of iron using a nearly emissions-free process.

The companies have been working for five years on a joint venture called HYBRIT, with the goal of using renewable energy to produce hydrogen, and then using the hydrogen, along with iron ore pellets, to make “sponge iron,” which can be used to make steel. Now, the companies report that they are the first to have used this process to produce sponge iron on a pilot scale, which is a step up from laboratory scale and a sign of progress toward being able to do it on a commercial scale.

“This technological breakthrough is a critical step on the road to fossil-free steel,” said Martin Lindqvist, President and CEO of SSAB, a global steel company based in Sweden and one of the partners behind HYBRIT, in a statement. “The potential cannot be underestimated. It means that we can reach climate goals in Sweden and Finland and contribute to reducing emissions across Europe.”

This follows the opening of the HYBRIT plant last year in Luleå, Sweden, a small city near the Arctic Circle.

Corporations throw out words like “breakthrough” way too often, but this time it may be warranted. The steel industry is responsible for 7 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, with most of the world’s steel produced by burning coal or natural gas in blast furnaces.

The industry has been able to use electric arc furnaces to make “secondary steel,” which comes from melting down and repurposing scrap steel. But the demand for steel exceeds what can be met using scrap, so companies need to find cleaner ways to make “primary steel” from iron ore. HYBRIT is developing one of the most promising options.

The process being used by HYBRIT is not the only way to make zero-carbon steel, and there is promising research being done on other approaches, he said. Also, HYBRIT is far from alone in working on a process to use hydrogen to make sponge iron.

Another prominent example is ArcelorMittal of Luxembourg, which ranked No. 2 in global steel production in 2020, and has said that it is aiming to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The company has a plant in Hamburg, Germany, that is working on a process similar to what HYBRIT has done in Sweden.

For some perspective, SSAB was No. 52 in global steel production last year, according to the World Steel Association, so it is a big player, but not one of the biggest.

SSAB’s partners in the clean steel project are LKAB, a mining company, and Vattenfall, an electricity company. The latter two companies are owned by the Swedish government, while SSAB’s major shareholders include the government of Finland.

Government ownership of the companies means that the push to reduce emissions has some different economic and political dimensions than if we were talking about some other multinational company that happened to operate in the two countries.

The governments of Sweden and Finland, along with the European Union, helped to set the emissions rules that are forcing the steel industry to transform itself. At the same time, the governments have a financial interest in the companies’ long-term success, along with a desire to retain industry jobs.



https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24062...el-sweden/